Maddison, who spent most of the season sidelined by ACL surgery and has returned to the squad only in recent weeks, went close to an equaliser late on before Chelsea defender Jorrel Hato's perfectly timed block denied him.
He was not in the mood to offer excuses after a match Tottenham needed at least a draw from to end the threat of dropping into the Championship for the first time since 1977.
"It's a bit embarrassing that we're in this position. We're going to need our fans, who were unbelievable tonight. I think we have the best away following in the league."
He reflected on how a result would have changed everything.
"We knew any sort of result would be very beneficial for us in the battle. It wasn't to be. We pushed hard in the last 20 minutes. It was probably a pretty even game. I don't remember them having many chances."
Maddison acknowledged his own limitations after such a significant injury but made clear he would give everything when called upon.
"I've been out for a long time, so I'm not going to be at my fluid best. I've had a massive injury and you have to respect the injury a bit. I'm going to do what I can on Sunday. Being creative is my job, it's what I'm paid to do. I haven't played this season, but when I do, it's what we have to do. It would be catastrophic for my career if something were to happen."
Spurs need to beat Everton and hope Leeds United prevent West Ham from winning at the London Stadium to secure their top-flight survival. Roberto De Zerbi's side go into Sunday on the back of three consecutive defeats.