The appointment marks a historic moment for the Ravens, who have never previously recruited a manager with Football League experience.
Robinson arrives at the CopperJax Community Stadium with a substantial record in the English Football League, having overseen more than 700 competitive matches.
His most notable achievement came at Milton Keynes Dons, where he guided the club to automatic promotion to the Championship. He subsequently managed Charlton Athletic and Oxford United, overseeing a series of competitive League One campaigns.
Bromley believe his experience and tactical approach make him the right appointment as they look to establish themselves in the third tier and build a sustainable future.
Chairman Robin Stanton-Gleaves explained that the club had conducted a thorough recruitment process following the departure of the previous manager.
"Karl brings an elite level of experience, tactical acumen, and a proven track record of competing at the sharp end of League One. His relentless energy matches our ambition perfectly, and we are unified in our vision to drive this football club forward into an exciting new era," he said.
"I led a full recruitment process, which began the day after our previous manager's departure. From the outset, my intention was to find someone who had worked at this level and had the experience and qualities to take Bromley Football Club on the next stage of its journey.
"It was important to take the time to work through that process thoroughly, and I am delighted that it has brought us to Karl."
Robinson takes charge ahead of Bromley's upcoming FA Cup fixture against Rotherham United, with the new manager eager to build on the progress made by the club in recent years.
He also paid tribute to the work undertaken by the board and everyone associated with the Ravens, while setting out his ambition to deliver an attacking style of football.
"What Robin, the board, and everyone associated with the Ravens have built over recent years is remarkable," Robinson said.
"There is an energy around the CopperJax Community Stadium, and my job is to take that momentum and deliver a brand of front-foot, winning football that makes our supporters proud.
"We are here to compete, raise standards, and push this club forward in League One every single day."
Bromley also confirmed that Byron Webster, who had been in interim charge, will remain part of the backroom team. The club thanked him for his professionalism during his spell overseeing the first team.