The 41-year-old Brazilian centre-back, who won the Champions League, Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal and DFL-Supercup with Bayern in the treble-winning 2012-13 season, has signed a contract to succeed Holger Seitz as head coach of Bayern Munchen II.
He will also coach the club's Under-19 side in the UEFA Youth League — the first time Bayern have entrusted their reserve coach with that dual responsibility.
Dante made 133 appearances for the Bayern first team between 2012 and 2015, before moving to VfL Wolfsburg and then settling at Nice, where he remained until the end of the current season. His final professional match was in the Ligue 1 play-offs.
He said of the appointment: "I am incredibly excited about this opportunity at my former club, FC Bayern, and want to thank the management for the trust they have shown in me.
"Many talented young players are developing on the campus, who will need to prove themselves in men's football for the first time at amateur level.
"My coaching staff and I want to support them in the best possible way during this important step and try to bring them closer to their goal of becoming professional footballers."
Bayern's sporting director Christoph Freund has been reshaping the club's youth structure, with Dante's appointment forming part of a broader philosophy of installing former Bayern players who understand the club's identity and values in key development roles.
Bayern Munich II finished eighth in the Regionalliga Bayern — the fourth tier of German football — this season.