The Brentford midfielder was involved in a freak accident after the final whistle as Thomas Tuchel's England celebrated their dramatic 3-2 win over Mexico at the Estadio Azteca.
The 36-year-old suffered a badly broken wrist after falling awkwardly while attempting to climb over advertising boards to celebrate with the travelling fans. He was carried out of the stadium on a stretcher, needed oxygen, and was rushed to hospital for treatment while the rest of the squad flew back to Kansas City.
It was confirmed on Monday that the veteran midfielder will undergo surgery and miss the remainder of the tournament, which is expected to have been his final England appearance given his advancing years.
But Henderson refused to let the injury dampen his mood, posting his first update since the incident on social media and choosing to focus on the occasion rather than the severity of the setback.
"A night to remember that's for sure! What an incredible performance against all the different challenges," Henderson wrote on Instagram.
"So proud to be a part of this special team. Thanks for all the support, another big one Saturday."
His England team-mates were quick to respond in the comments. Vice-captain Declan Rice wrote: "Some man," while Morgan Rogers added: "What a guy." Elliot Anderson and Djed Spence also left heart emojis for their stricken colleague.
Henderson is keen to remain with the squad to offer his support and has stayed in regular contact with team-mates despite his hospital stay. Defender Marc Guehi gave an update on his state of mind on the FA's Lions' Den show.
"Hendo's good, man," Guehi said. "Hendo's in a better place than he was yesterday, and it was obviously scary for him and his family and for everyone else, but we're just glad that he's on the road to speedy recovery."
Henderson had already made history earlier in the tournament by becoming the first England men's player to feature at four World Cups, and did not play against Mexico before picking up the injury in the post-match celebrations. England now turn their attention to Saturday's quarter-final against Norway.