The 36-year-old was injured in unlikely circumstances following Sunday's 3-2 last-16 win over Mexico, losing his footing as he hopped back over the pitchside advertising boards during the players' post-match celebrations at the Estadio Azteca. He needed oxygen and was stretchered away for treatment.
Brentford midfielder Henderson stayed with the squad in Mexico overnight before flying to England's tournament base in Kansas City, where he had the operation on Wednesday. He gave an update himself on social media: "Surgery done! Now let's get ready for the big one Saturday."
Doctors have not written off a return before the tournament ends. It's understood coaching staff are exploring whether Henderson could play through the injury in a protective cast should England advance far enough, although that outcome is considered unlikely. Head coach Thomas Tuchel is reportedly set to remind players to avoid climbing the hoardings in future to prevent a repeat.
Aston Villa forward Morgan Rogers spoke about the impact Henderson's positivity has had on the camp this week.
"That just shows what he is like as a person and as a guy," said Rogers. "I think hopefully he can still be involved with us for the rest of the tournament.
"He's not going to rule himself out and neither are we. I think the belief he has got in his own body, his ability and his confidence and the way he is and what he kind of represents as a person is massive to our group.
"He is kind of the heartbeat of the group. To see him this morning smiling and to see him as happy as he is no matter what has happened in the last 48 hours is nice to see, and hopefully we can get him out on the pitch as soon as possible."
The former Liverpool captain, an unused substitute against Mexico, was one of four players missing training this week alongside Declan Rice, Reece James and Marc Guehi. Rice's issue relates to the hamstring problem that has dogged him throughout the tournament, while Guehi's absence is being described as muscular fatigue; both are expected to be available.
Tuchel's side face Norway in Miami on Saturday for a place in the semi-finals, with Henderson's leadership still valued around the group whether or not he plays another minute.