Portugal will face Croatia in the round of 32 after finishing as runners-up. Colombia take on Ghana on July 3.
Colombia coach Néstor Lorenzo was emphatic that his side deserved more than a draw.
"I think Colombia played a great game from start to finish," he said. "I think we deserved to win, we created so many chances, we lacked finishing.
"I want to congratulate the boys for the effort they put in because they were outstanding today. Portugal is a great team, they have a great coach, but I think today we were better than them."
Roberto Martínez was measured in his assessment, pointing to the character his side showed to keep a clean sheet and the value of the match as preparation for the knockouts.
"Portugal showed a lot of character to keep a clean sheet," Martínez said. "It was a fantastic display from Diogo Costa and the defensive intensity was there. This match was a valuable test and an important one to adjust and grow, for what the team needs to do in the World Cup ahead, which is totally different."
The Portugal coach highlighted the demands posed by South American opponents and the difficult conditions in Miami.
"We needed this, to take the game where we wanted it. We need to have more of the ball and benefit from the players with that ability," he said. "South American teams are already used to broken games. And the demanding weather conditions in Miami added to the challenge."
Martínez also underlined the depth he has been able to use across the group stage.
"We have already used 22 players," he said. "For us it was important to use many players — 22 have already played and that is important. And on Cristiano — for us it is very important to be able to synchronise his movements with the other ten players. Cristiano is in good physical condition and today he was very good."
Portugal advance to the knockout rounds having navigated a demanding group, while Colombia head into the last 32 as group winners with momentum and confidence from a campaign in which they were not beaten.